See கலம் on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kalam",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kalam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kalam"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *kalam",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಕಲ"
},
"expansion": "Kannada ಕಲ (kala)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tcy",
"2": "ಕರ"
},
"expansion": "Tulu ಕರ (kara)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "കലം"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam കലം (kalaṁ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *kalam. Cognate with Kannada ಕಲ (kala), Tulu ಕರ (kara) and Malayalam കലം (kalaṁ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ta-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "கலம்",
"roman": "kalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்கள்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலமே",
"roman": "kalamē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களே",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தை",
"roman": "kalattai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களை",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்துக்கு",
"roman": "kalattukku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களுக்கு",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷukku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்துக்காக",
"roman": "kalattukkāka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களுக்காக",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷukkāka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்துடைய",
"roman": "kalattuṭaiya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களுடைய",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷuṭaiya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தின்",
"roman": "kalattiṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களின்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷiṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தில்",
"roman": "kalattil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களில்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்திடம்",
"roman": "kalattiṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களிடம்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷiṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தோடு",
"roman": "kalattōṭu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களோடு",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷōṭu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்துடன்",
"roman": "kalattuṭaṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களுடன்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷuṭaṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தால்",
"roman": "kalattāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களால்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்திலிருந்து",
"roman": "kalattiliruntu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களிலிருந்து",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷiliruntu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "கலம் • (kalam)",
"name": "ta-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ta-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 14 5 20 24 5 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 20 25 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 1 23 21 1 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vessel, hollow utensil, as a cup, plate; earthenware"
],
"id": "en-கலம்-ta-noun-f5DUHehZ",
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"utensil",
"utensil"
],
[
"cup",
"cup"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"earthenware",
"earthenware"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 14 5 20 24 5 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 20 25 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 1 23 21 1 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bottle-shaped vessel"
],
"id": "en-கலம்-ta-noun-HX~GlmMS",
"links": [
[
"bottle",
"bottle"
],
[
"shaped",
"shaped"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ship, boat"
],
"id": "en-கலம்-ta-noun-Uab~B0Ex",
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
],
[
"boat",
"boat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 14 5 20 24 5 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 20 25 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 1 23 21 1 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jewel, ornament"
],
"id": "en-கலம்-ta-noun-I6Lfhv1-",
"links": [
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 14 5 20 24 5 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 20 25 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 1 23 21 1 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lute"
],
"id": "en-கலம்-ta-noun-2oF6xsMN",
"links": [
[
"lute",
"lute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plough"
],
"id": "en-கலம்-ta-noun-ho6Cm9mP",
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weapon"
],
"id": "en-கலம்-ta-noun-xo~vGrrG",
"links": [
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 14 5 20 24 5 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 20 25 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 1 23 21 1 1 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 4 20 16 4 4 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"document written on palm leaf"
],
"id": "en-கலம்-ta-noun-aMmPFjrU",
"links": [
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"palm",
"palm"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalam/"
},
{
"audio": "Ta-கலம்.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg"
}
],
"word": "கலம்"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
"Tamil lemmas",
"Tamil m-stem nouns",
"Tamil nouns",
"Tamil terms derived from Proto-Dravidian",
"Tamil terms inherited from Proto-Dravidian",
"Tamil terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tamil terms with redundant script codes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kalam",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kalam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kalam"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *kalam",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಕಲ"
},
"expansion": "Kannada ಕಲ (kala)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tcy",
"2": "ಕರ"
},
"expansion": "Tulu ಕರ (kara)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ml",
"2": "കലം"
},
"expansion": "Malayalam കലം (kalaṁ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *kalam. Cognate with Kannada ಕಲ (kala), Tulu ಕರ (kara) and Malayalam കലം (kalaṁ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kalam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ta-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "கலம்",
"roman": "kalam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்கள்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலமே",
"roman": "kalamē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களே",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தை",
"roman": "kalattai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களை",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்துக்கு",
"roman": "kalattukku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களுக்கு",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷukku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்துக்காக",
"roman": "kalattukkāka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களுக்காக",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷukkāka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"benefactive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்துடைய",
"roman": "kalattuṭaiya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களுடைய",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷuṭaiya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தின்",
"roman": "kalattiṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களின்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷiṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தில்",
"roman": "kalattil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களில்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்திடம்",
"roman": "kalattiṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களிடம்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷiṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தோடு",
"roman": "kalattōṭu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களோடு",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷōṭu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்துடன்",
"roman": "kalattuṭaṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களுடன்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷuṭaṉ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்தால்",
"roman": "kalattāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களால்",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷāl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "கலத்திலிருந்து",
"roman": "kalattiliruntu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "கலங்களிலிருந்து",
"roman": "kalaṅkaḷiliruntu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "கலம் • (kalam)",
"name": "ta-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ta-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vessel, hollow utensil, as a cup, plate; earthenware"
],
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"utensil",
"utensil"
],
[
"cup",
"cup"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"earthenware",
"earthenware"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bottle-shaped vessel"
],
"links": [
[
"bottle",
"bottle"
],
[
"shaped",
"shaped"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ship, boat"
],
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
],
[
"boat",
"boat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"jewel, ornament"
],
"links": [
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lute"
],
"links": [
[
"lute",
"lute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plough"
],
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weapon"
],
"links": [
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"document written on palm leaf"
],
"links": [
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"palm",
"palm"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalam/"
},
{
"audio": "Ta-கலம்.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.ogg"
}
],
"word": "கலம்"
}
Download raw JSONL data for கலம் meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive 1'",
"path": [
"கலம்"
],
"section": "Tamil",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "கலம்",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive 2'",
"path": [
"கலம்"
],
"section": "Tamil",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "கலம்",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'locative 1'",
"path": [
"கலம்"
],
"section": "Tamil",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "கலம்",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'locative 2'",
"path": [
"கலம்"
],
"section": "Tamil",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "கலம்",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'sociative 1'",
"path": [
"கலம்"
],
"section": "Tamil",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "கலம்",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'sociative 2'",
"path": [
"கலம்"
],
"section": "Tamil",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "கலம்",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.